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Captain James Cook~ World’s Greatest Explorer
Captain James Cook, an English Navigator and explorer, discovered Austria and the Hawaiian Islands on three famous voyages through the south pacific. Cook became an explorer because of his love of adventure and curiosity about distant lands and their people. Cook was born in Yorkshire, England in the year 1728. Then in the year 1755, Cook joined the British Navy. As a member of the Navy, he became an expert surveyor and astronomer. He was privileged in many situations; for instance, he was the man to help map the Saint Lawrence River and the coasts of Labrador and Newfoundland.
His skill in sounding, surveying, and charting this river won for him the post of marine surveyor of the coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador. When Cook reported a solar eclipse off the coast of North America, he soon became known as Astronomer and a mathematician.
Cook set out in 1768 on his first voyage through the pacific on a ship called the Endeavor in search for the “Terra Australia’s”, which was believed to be a great continent that might have existed in the far south, he was determined to find whether or not it existed. Besides heading out in search for the unknown land, Cook also wanted to observe the eclipse of the planet Venus and find the Cape of Good Hope. He spent six months circumnavigating and mapping the Coast of New Zealand, but because of the hostility of the natives, Cook was unable to explore the inner land. Not only did he sail along New Zealand, but he also wandered into Tahiti where he had discovered new land. Cook also explored the East Coast of Austria in which he named to Britain. After exploring the coast of New Guinea, Cook decided to return home for a break.
In 1771, Cook set sail from England, this time with two ships, the “Resolution” and the “Adventure”. This time, he was in search to prove that a great continent in the South Pacific Ocean did exist. This voyage was recorded as his longest voyage of all. It is said that this voyage lasted for three years and that he traveled about 70,000 miles. While on this voyage, he sailed across the Antarctic Circle; he was the first European to do so. Unfortunately, Cook did not travel far enough South to discover the true Antarctica Continent. He also discovered New Caledonia and the Cook Islands, which he named after himself.
On his third expedition, which was in 1776, he set sail with two new ships looking for the Northwest Passage. These two ships were the “Resolution” and the “Discovery”. The Northwest Passage was a way to sail from Northern Atlantic Ocean to the Northern Pacific Ocean. On this voyage, Cook had discovered the Hawaiian Islands in 1778. As he sailed along the West Coast of Northern America, from Oregon to the Artic Circle, he surveyed the area. During this time, he also sailed through the Bering Strait. Beyond the Bering Strait, he found that a solid wall of ice blocked the passage. Forced to turn back, he returned to Hawaii. He had won the friendship of the people there by his sensible and kind treatment.
From West to East, Cook explored the entire far Southern Pacific. He mapped many old islands, but he also discovered many new ones at the same time. Cook was eager to make as many new discoveries as he could, each and every time he set sail, he only dreamed of coming across land that had not yet been discovered, and most of the time, he lived his dream.
Cook made extensive explorations of the northwestern coast of North America, seeking an inlet. Trouble arose, however, when one of the ship’s boats was stolen. Cook took some men ashore to recover the boat. A fight with some islanders occurred because of the theft, and on February 14, 1779 Hawaiian natives stabbed Cook to death. Without Cook, The expedition arrived back in England in October of 1780.
Like Captain James Cook, they’re where many other explorers that voyaged out into the unknown sea in search to find a given destination. Not knowing if it had existed they set sail anyway. Cook knew he was in danger each time he set sail, but he was known as one of the greatest captains of all time. Cook was the first one to prevent the spread of scurvy, which is a deficiency of Vitamin C, aboard each of his ships. Scurvy was the main cause for most deaths that occurred on any given ship while at sea.
Captain James Cook was an immense voyager, as he is now, he will continue to be remembered as one of the greatest explorers of all time. In only three separate voyages, he discovered more of this land, planet earth, than any other man alone. Cook will always be remembered for his fascinating work and discoveries, and when we look back on the past, he will certainly be one of the most important men in the history of our planet.
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James Cook Essay, Research Paper
Do you know who the worlds greatest explorers are? One of them is the topic of
this essay. This essay is about James Cook. The objective of this report will be to
answer the following question: Why do we remember James Cook?
James Cook was born on October 27, 1728 in Marton, England. At the age of 18
James Cook became an apprentice with a shipping company. His first voyages he
worked on ships that carried coal to English ports. In 1755, during the French – Indian
war, Cook joined the British navy. In 1759 he was given a dangerous wartime mission.
He was to enter French territory and survey the St. Lawrence river for the British navy.
The charts that he made during this voyage contributed to the capture of the French city
of Quebec later in that year.
James Cook made three voyages to the Pacific. His first voyage, in 1768, the
navy appointed Cook to lead an expedition to Tahiti. On the Endeavour they left in
August and reached Tahiti in April of 1769. On the island scientists watched the planet
Venus pass between the Earth and the Sun. This was the main goal of this voyage but
cook had been given secret orders to find an unknown continent in the south pacific. He
was told to find it because geographers believed that it kept the world in balance,
however Cook was unable to find it. In October of 1769 Cook became the first European
man to visit New Zealand. In April of 1770 the Endeavor sailed to Botany Bay on the
east coast of Australia. Cook claimed the entire east coast of Australia for Great Britain.
He returned to England in July of 1771. During this voyage, from 1678 – 1771, Cook
became the first ship captain to prevent an outbreak of scurvy. Cook had heard that
scurvy was caused by a lack of fresh vegetables and fruits. To prevent an outbreak he
served his sailor’s fruit and sauerkraut. In July of 1772 Cook set off on his second voyage
to the pacific. Cook had left England with the Resolution and the Adventure. This
expedition was Cook s second attempt to find the unknown southern continent. During
this voyage Cook sailed farther south than any European had ever gone. Cook faced
many dangers in the cold Antarctic waters. Jagged mountains and ice as high as 18
meters often blocked the way of the ships. High winds that pushed the icebergs towards
the ships increased the danger. Cook circled Antarctica but the ice kept him from
sighting land. In 1773 and 1774 Cook became the first European to visit a number of
Pacific Islands, including the Cook Islands and New Caledonia. He arrived back in
England in July of 17775 and was promoted to a captain. Cook s final voyage was in
July of 1776. Cook took two ships, the Resolution and the Discovery, to find a possible
northern sea route between Europe and Asia. Cook first sailed to New Zealand and some
other Pacific Islands. In January of 1778 James Cook became the first European to go to
the Hawaiian Islands. Cook named them the Sandwich Islands to tribute Britain s chief
naval minister, the Earl of Sandwich. Later that year Cook sailed to the northwest coast
of North America. He was the First European to land on Vancouver Island. Cook then
continued up the coast and sailed Bering Strait and then entered the Arctic Ocean. The
walls of ice in the Arctic Ocean blocked the expedition so Cook headed back to the
Sandwich Islands in August. In February of 1779 an Islander stole a boat from the
Discovery at Kealakekua Bay. Cook tried to investigate the theft of the boat but was
stabbed to death in a fight with Islanders on February 14, 1779. The expedition returned
to England in October of 1780.
James Cook accomplished many things in his lifetime. He had surveyed and
charted thousands of kilometers of coast and solved many mysteries of the Pacific Ocean.
He opened the northwest American coast trade and colonization. He also discovered the
Hawaiian Island, which he called the Sandwich Islands, and was the first European man
to set foot on New Zealand and Vancouver Island.
James Cook played a very important part in the formation of Canada. The maps
he made of the St. Lawrence river helped the British conquer the French. If he had never
gone on these voyages Canada would now be under French rule and we would be living,
talking, and acting differently. He opened the northwest American coast to trade which
led to the colonization of North America.
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James Cook was born in Yorkshire on Oct. 27, 1728, into a poor family. At the age of 18 he found employment with a shipowner in his native village of Whitby and made several voyages to the Baltic Sea. When the Anglo-French war broke out in 1755, he enlisted in the Royal Navy and saw service on the Eagle as an able-bodied seaman. In a month’s time he was promoted to master’s mate and 4 years later to master. In 1759 he also received command of a ship and took it to Canada, where he joined the operations in the St. Lawrence River. He performed well enough so that the senior officer of the British fleet put him in command of the flagship.
After the war ended in 1763, Cook was given a schooner, Grenville, and was charged with surveying the coasts of Newfoundland, Labrador, and Nova Scotia. For 4 years he sailed up and down these coasts, and when the task was done his findings were of such importance and usefulness that the government had them published.
Upon his return to England in 1767, Cook found the British Admiralty planning to send a ship to the Pacific Ocean to observe the transit of Venus and also to explore new lands in that area. Cook was picked to command the vessel, and on Aug. 26, 1768, in the Endeavour he left Plymouth, accompanied by an astronomer, two botanists, a landscape artist, and a painter of natural history. Sailing south and west, he touched the Madeira, Canary, and Cape Verde islands, then went to Rio de Janeiro, rounded Cape Horn into the Pacific, and reached Tahiti on April 13, 1769. On June 3 the transit of Venus was observed, and on July 13 he left the place.
Arriving at New Zealand on October 7, Cook set about at once to make an accurate chart of the waters of the two islands; it took him 6 months. He then sailed along the east coast of Australia, which he named New South Wales and for which he claimed possession in the name of the king. He sailed on through the strait separating Australia from New Guinea, to Java, around the Cape of Good Hope, and reached England on June 12, 1771. In recognition of his achievements—circumnavigating the globe, charting new waters, and discovering new land—he was promoted from lieutenant to commander.
One year later Cook stood ready for a second voyage, this time to verify the report of the existence of a great southern continent. On July 13, 1772, he left Plymouth in the Resolution and, accompanied by another vessel, Adventure, sailed southward along the African coast and around the Cape of Good Hope, crossing the Antarctic Circle in January 1773. Finding no great southern continent, he pointed his ship toward New Zealand. This was the starting point for a long cruise in the South Pacific, as he explored the New Hebrides, charted Easter Island and the Marquesas, visited Tahiti and Tonga, and discovered New Caledonia and the islands of Palmerston, Norfolk, and Niue. In January 1775 he was on his way back to England by way of Cape Horn, reaching home on July 29. Thus Cook completed his second Pacific voyage, once again having made a significant contribution by his mapping and charting and his explorations and discoveries.
To those accomplishments Cook added one in nautical medicine, for he had proved that a crew, if properly fed, could make a long voyage without ill effects. He lost only 1 man to disease out of a crew of 118. This feat won him the Copley Gold Medal of the Royal Society and election as a fellow of that distinguished scientific and philosophic association.
Then came the third and last voyage of Cook’s life. Advanced to captain in August 1775, he was now given command of a new expedition to the northern Pacific to search for a passage around North America to the Atlantic Ocean. Once again the great seaman sailed in the Resolution, with another vessel, Discovery, leaving Plymouth on July 12, 1776. He went down the African coast, around the Cape of Good Hope, across the Indian Ocean to the Pacific, to New Zealand (which he reached in March 1777), northward to Tahiti and to an island sighted on Christmas Eve and named for the occasion, then to the discovery of the Hawaiian Islands, reaching in February 1778 the coast of North America at 44°55□ (present Oregon). He continued northward along the coast to the Bering Sea and through the Bering Strait to the Arctic, but no northern passage could be found. He turned southward to Hawaii for much-needed repairs, fresh supplies, and sunshine in preparation for a return to northern Pacific waters.
But, as fate would have it, Cook did not live to continue the voyage. On Feb. 14, 1779, he was stabbed to death in a skirmish with some natives. Where he fell, an obelisk later would be erected but, as one of his biographers noted, his true monument was the map of the Pacific Ocean.
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James Cook Essay, Research PaperCaptain James Cook~ World’s Greatest ExplorerCaptain James Cook, an English Navigator and explorer, discovered Austria and the Hawaiian Islands on three famous voyages through the south pacific. Cook became an explorer because of his love of adventure and curiosity about distant lands and their people. Cook was born in Yorkshire, England in the year 1728. Then in the year 1755, Cook joined the British Navy. As a member of the Navy, he became an expert surveyor and astronomer. He was privileged in many situations; for instance, he was the man to help map the Saint Lawrence River and the coasts of Labrador and Newfoundland.His skill in sounding, surveying, and charting this river won for him the post of marine surveyor of the coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador. When Cook reported a solar eclipse off the coast of North America, he soon became known as Astronomer and a mathematician.Cook set out in 1768 on his first voyage through the pacific on a ship called the Endeavor in search for the “Terra Australia’s”, which was believed to be a great continent that might have existed in the far south, he was determined to find whether or not it existed. Besides heading out in search for the unknown land, Cook also wanted to observe the eclipse of the planet Venus and find the Cape of Good Hope. He spent six months circumnavigating and mapping the Coast of New Zealand, but because of the hostility of the natives, Cook was unable to explore the inner land. Not only did he sail along New Zealand, but he also wandered into Tahiti where he had discovered new land. Cook also explored the East Coast of Austria in which he named to Britain. After exploring the coast of New Guinea, Cook decided to return home for a break.In 1771, Cook set sail from England, this time with two ships, the “Resolution” and the “Adventure”. This time, he was in search to prove that a great continent in the South Pacific Ocean did exist. This voyage was recorded as his longest voyage of all. It is said that this voyage lasted for three years and that he traveled about 70,000 miles. While on this voyage, he sailed across the Antarctic Circle; he was the first European to do so. Unfortunately, Cook did not travel far enough South to discover the true Antarctica Continent. He also discovered New Caledonia and the Cook Islands, which he named after himself.On his third expedition, which was in 1776, he set sail with two new ships looking for the Northwest Passage. These two ships were the “Resolution” and the “Discovery”. The Northwest Passage was a way to sail from Northern Atlantic Ocean to the Northern Pacific Ocean. On this voyage, Cook had discovered the Hawaiian Islands in 1778. As he sailed along the West Coast of Northern America, from Oregon to the Artic Circle, he surveyed the area. During this time, he also sailed through the Bering Strait. Beyond the Bering Strait, he found that a solid wall of ice blocked the passage. Forced to turn back, he returned to Hawaii. He had won the friendship of the people there by his sensible and kind treatment.From West to East, Cook explored the entire far Southern Pacific. He mapped many old islands, but he also discovered many new ones at the same time. Cook was eager to make as many new discoveries as he could, each and every time he set sail, he only dreamed of coming across land that had not yet been discovered, and most of the time, he lived his dream.Cook made extensive explorations of the northwestern coast of North America, seeking an inlet. Trouble arose, however, when one of the ship’s boats was stolen. Cook took some men ashore to recover the boat. A fight with some islanders occurred because of the theft, and on February 14, 1779 Hawaiian natives stabbed Cook to death. Without Cook, The expedition arrived back in England in October of 1780.Like Captain James Cook, they’re where many other explorers that voyaged out into the unknown sea in search to find a given destination. Not knowing if it had existed they set sail anyway. Cook knew he was in danger each time he set sail, but he was known as one of the greatest captains of all time. Cook was the first one to prevent the spread of scurvy, which is a deficiency of Vitamin C, aboard each of his ships. Scurvy was the main cause for most deaths that occurred on any given ship while at sea.Captain James Cook was an immense voyager, as he is now, he will continue to be remembered as one of the greatest explorers of all time. In only three separate voyages, he discovered more of this land, planet earth, than any other man alone. Cook will always be remembered for his fascinating work and discoveries, and when we look back on the past, he will certainly be one of the most important men in the history of our planet.
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James Cook Essay, Research Paper
Captain James Cook~ World’s Greatest Explorer
Captain James Cook, an English Navigator and explorer, discovered Austria and the Hawaiian Islands on three famous voyages through the south pacific. Cook became an explorer because of his love of adventure and curiosity about distant lands and their people. Cook was born in Yorkshire, England in the year 1728. Then in the year 1755, Cook joined the British Navy. As a member of the Navy, he became an expert surveyor and astronomer. He was privileged in many situations; for instance, he was the man to help map the Saint Lawrence River and the coasts of Labrador and Newfoundland.
His skill in sounding, surveying, and charting this river won for him the post of marine surveyor of the coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador . When Cook reported a solar eclipse off the coast of North America, he soon became known as Astronomer and a mathematician.
Cook set out in 1768 on his first voyage through the pacific on a ship called the Endeavor in search for the “Terra Australia’s”, which was believed to be a great continent that might have existed in the far south, he was determined to find whether or not it existed. Besides heading out in search for the unknown land, Cook also wanted to observe the eclipse of the planet Venus and find the Cape of Good Hope. He spent six months circumnavigating and mapping the Coast of New Zealand, but because of the hostility of the natives, Cook was unable to explore the inner land. Not only did he sail along New Zealand, but he also wandered into Tahiti where he had discovered new land. Cook also explored the East Coast of Austria in which he named to Britain. After exploring the coast of New Guinea, Cook decided to return home for a break.
In 1771, Cook set sail from England, this time with two ships, the “Resolution” and the “Adventure”. This time, he was in search to prove that a great continent in the South Pacific Ocean did exist. This voyage was recorded as his longest voyage of all. It is said that this voyage lasted for three years and that he traveled about 70,000 miles. While on this voyage, he sailed across the Antarctic Circle; he was the first European to do so. Unfortunately, Cook did not travel far enough South to discover the true Antarctica Continent. He also discovered New Caledonia and the Cook Islands, which he named after himself.
On his third expedition, which was in 1776, he set sail with two new ships looking for the Northwest Passage. These two ships were the “Resolution” and the “Discovery”. The Northwest Passage was a way to sail from Northern Atlantic Ocean to the Northern Pacific Ocean. On this voyage, Cook had discovered the Hawaiian Islands in 1778. As he sailed along the West Coast of Northern America, from Oregon to the Artic Circle, he surveyed the area. During this time, he also sailed through the Bering Strait. Beyond the Bering Strait, he found that a solid wall of ice blocked the passage. Forced to turn back, he returned to Hawaii. He had won the friendship of the people there by his sensible and kind treatment.
From West to East, Cook explored the entire far Southern Pacific. He mapped many old islands, but he also discovered many new ones at the same time. Cook was eager to make as many new discoveries as he could, each and every time he set sail, he only dreamed of coming across land that had not yet been discovered, and most of the time, he lived his dream.
Cook made extensive explorations of the northwestern coast of North America, seeking an inlet. Trouble arose, however, when one of the ship’s boats was stolen. Cook took some men ashore to recover the boat. A fight with some islanders occurred because of the theft, and on February 14, 1779 Hawaiian natives stabbed Cook to death. Without Cook, The expedition arrived back in England in October of 1780.
Like Captain James Cook, they’re where many other explorers that voyaged out into the unknown sea in search to find a given destination. Not knowing if it had existed they set sail anyway. Cook knew he was in danger each time he set sail, but he was known as one of the greatest captains of all time. Cook was the first one to prevent the spread of scurvy, which is a deficiency of Vitamin C, aboard each of his ships. Scurvy was the main cause for most deaths that occurred on any given ship while at sea.
Captain James Cook was an immense voyager, as he is now, he will continue to be remembered as one of the greatest explorers of all time. In only three separate voyages, he discovered more of this land, planet earth, than any other man alone. Cook will always be remembered for his fascinating work and discoveries, and when we look back on the past, he will certainly be one of the most important men in the history of our planet.
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27 октября 1728 года в семье шотландского рабочего, проживающего в деревне Мартон, появился на свет Джеймс Кук, пятый ребёнок в семье. Когда Джеймсу исполнилось 8 лет, родители отдали его в школу, где тот на протяжении пяти лет изучал основы письма и чтения. Закончив обучение он нанялся на работу фермером, начальником которой был его отец. А в середине 1746 года начинается его морская карьера – Джеймс Кук становится юнгой на угольном корабле.
В корне изменив, таким образом, свою судьбу он побывает с такими знаменитыми личностями как Уильям Блай (который многим известен как капитан корабля «Баунти»), Джозеф Банкс, Георг Форстер и другими. Экспедиции Кука, так и прозванные впоследствии первой экспедицией Кука, второй экспедицией Кука и третьей экспедицией Кука внесут поистине неоценимый вклад в дальнейшее развитие Англии. Но вернёмся немного назад и узнаем, через что Джеймсу Куку пришлось пройти, прежде чем заслужить такую славу.
Отработав практически 2 года на угольном корабле, будущий знаменитый мореплаватель переводится на другое судно, которое принадлежит тем же судовладельцам – братьям Уокерам. Как отмечали моряки, в плаваниях Кук очень много времени посвящал изучению географии, математики и навигации. В 1755 году братья судовладельцы предложили молодому мореплавателю стать во главе одного из их кораблей, на что Джеймс ответил отказом. Вместо этого он становится матросом на одном из британских военных линейных кораблей, а через месяц службы схватывает следующий чин боцмана.
Во время Семилетней войны, во второй половине 1757 года, Кук уверенно сдаёт экзамен на мастера, и вскоре получает назначение на следующий военный корабль «Пемброк». Во время взятия Квебека ему на практике понадобились все те знания, которые он получил за время долгих плаваний на угольном судне. Он должен был проложить в реке Святого Лаврентия фарватерную линию, которая позволила бы пройти английским военным кораблям для атаки противника. С этой достаточно ответственной и сложной задачей Джеймс Кук справляется на отлично, таким образом заинтересовав Адмиралтейство своей персоной.
Именно эта заинтересованность и сыграла роковую роль в его дальнейшей судьбе: после пересмотра кучи кандидатур и многочисленных споров, было принято решение назначить Джеймса Кука главой астрономической экспедиции. Кук получил в своё распоряжение корабль «Индевор», и в 1768 году отправился в далёкое плавание, впоследствии именуемое как первая экспедиция Кука. С этого момента начинается его прямое восхождение к славе и признанию.
Смерть Джеймса Кука, легендарного мореплавателя, наступила от рук туземцев, будучи в своей третьей экспедиции. Во время потасовки англичане спешно начали отходить к своим шлюпкам, а Кук, прикрывая своих людей, не успел увернуться от камня и тот попал ему в голову. Несколько дней команда не знала о судьбе своего командующего. И тут к кораблю подошла группа туземцев на шлюпках, и протянула останки их капитана. 21 февраля 1779 года на закате солнца корабль «Резолюшен» с приспущенными флагами проводил в последний путь своего командира. Останки были отданы морю.
Блог про парусные корабли.
05.02.2015zkzakharyachtrus.com
