Management Of The Blm’s Public Lands System Essay, Research Paper
Management of the BLM’s Public Lands System
The government has control of over one-third of the nation’s land, and 398 million acres of that is controlled by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM 6). This land hold a wide diversity of resources, from timber, and grazing lands found on the surface to a mass of oil, natural gas, and minerals laying below the earth. The history of these lands is hardly a dull story, because it is the story of the taming of the “Wild West”. Should the BLM though, still be controlling these lands under the same laws that where put in affect to establish the ?Western Frontier.? I feel that a radical reevaluation of these laws needs to take place, in order to adapt them to the changing demographic and technological environment of our society. The laws that are remaining are allowing companies to hurt the land, which is against the mission statement of the BLM.
The BLM mission statement say, the Bureau is responsible for the balanced management of the public lands and resources and their various values so that they are considered in a combination that will best serve the American people. Management is based upon the principles of multiple use and sustained yield; a combination of uses that takes into account the long-term needs of future generations for renewable and nonrenewable resources. These resources include recreation, land, timber, minerals, watershed, fish and wildlife, wilderness, and natural, scenic, scientific and cultural values. (BLM 7). Therefor by allowing these old laws to remain they are pulling away from there mission statement.
Throughout the 80’s the Bureau of Land Management developed a host of programs and emphasized a number of others – outdoor recreation, wildlife and fisheries, toxic materials management, and wetland enhancement, to name a few – but there are still many problems that must be addressed.
Due to the increasing demand for outdoor recreation, there has been an overcrowding in our local, state, and national park. There is the demand for BLM to do more in outdoor recreation. Eight of the 10 states with the highest population growth between 1970 and 1980 were states with substantial acreages of public lands administer by the BLM. (BLM 12) The visitation to those lands has increased nearly three-fold in the past 20 years, and there is an expected increase of between 40 and 60 percent by the year 2000. (BLM 12) The amount of people that visit our park system each year is having a profound effect on the ecosystem of the park. An ecosystem can only absorb the effects of a small number of man made facilities on it. The number of large complexes that the public wants in their parks have effects that extend beyond there immediate boundaries.
Yellowstone Park has to dispose of nearly 7000 tons of garbage every year. (Houston 3) The BLM needs to expand efforts to maintain facilities to protect public investments and the health and safety of the visiting public. Also, provide additional facilities with Federal funding and private sector concessions to meet the growing outdoor recreation demands. This would allow more destinations for the public that are seeking an outdoor experience, causing the crowding to become less dense because the users would be more widely distributed. Setting more public lands aside for parks would preserve that land for the future, because a park on BLM lands would require a greater on-the-ground presence, to monitor its use. A problem that is closely related to that of outdoor recreation, is providing a suitable habitat for the large diversity of animals that lives on the BLM’s Public Lands System. Many of these animals are available to the hunter, trapper and fisherman; some are threatened or endangered; most contribute to the pleasure of wildlife viewing; all contribute to the ecological diversity of the Public Land System. (BLM 14). With so much land under the control of the BLM, the bureau manages more wildlife habitat than any other agency or group in the United States. The wide diversity of lands that is under their control supports over 3,000 species of animals and an untold number of land and invertebrate species.
Public lands wildlife and fisheries resources are important to the American Economy. For instance, during the 1985-1986 season, over 5 million hunter use days occurred, with hunters spending an estimated $145,000,000. As for fishing there where over 3 million days at an estimated $55,000,000 spent by fishers. (BLM 14). Wildlife also contributed to enjoyment of the public lands for millions of campers, hikers, photographers and other users. These ?Nonconsuptive” users spent over 230 million hours on the public lands ands waters during the 1985-1986 season. The money put into the system by these “Nonconsuptive” users was estimated at around $200,000,000.
Surely it can easily be seen the economic value of wildlife, but there is also an indescribable entrinsic value that can be given to them to. But improving habitat for wildlife improves more then just the wildlife, it helps out the whole ecosystem. For instance wetland habitat improvements for wildlife also improve water flow and water quality for downstream users. Vegetative manipulation projects intended to improve big game forage also improve livestock forage and watershed conditions. So it should be easily seen that habit improvements for the sake of wildlife would be not only a profitable change, but also an environmentally sound change. Another change that needs to occur on Federal Lands is a change of the General Mining Law of 1872 which was passed while the West was still being settled. The 1872 mining law opens most public lands for mining if prospectors find gold, silver, copper or other valuable hardrock mineral deposits. The laws goal was to encourage the region’s development, Congress offered public lands for the taking by enterprising homesteader, stockmen, miners and loggers. (Arrandale 531) The frontier closed a century ago, but the law still remains. On May 16, 1994 Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt was forced by the mining law to sell 1,949 acres of federal lands in Nevada to a Canadian-based mining company. The land that was sold held a gold supply of an estimated $10 billion. Surely the deeply indebted United States Government would prosper from a sale of that much gold, but by law the government was forced to sell it for $5 and acre. The government received less then $10,000 for the deal. (Arrandale 531) In relation to the mining law the government does not require the miners to restore mined site once the minerals are gone, preventing wastes from polluting surrounding lands and nearby streams. Former Interior Secretary Stewart L. Udall says, ” The hardrock mining industry has traditionally been able to ?externalize? costs, as economist say, simply by abandoning its played-out mines rater then reclaiming them.” Arrandale 534) The fact that there is 500,000 abandoned mines, proves that is true. These mines are polluting 32 states because of the use of the new “heap leaching” technology that uses cyanide solutions to extract gold from ore. The EPA is now spending $40,000 a day to control cyanide leaking form a Summitville Colo., gold mine that a mining company abandoned. (Arrandale 534).
I feel that the United States Government needs to amend the mining law, so that it can address some of the previously mentioned problems. I feel that companies should be
allowed to remove viable minerals but I they should have regulations placed on them. The U.S. Supreme Court and state courts have upheld state regulations of oil and gas
operations to prevent waste. (Kusler 147) Since minerals are of a fixed supply I feel that they should be regulated for future use. The mines that do extract a predetermined
amount of minerals, would also be required to restore the sight back to the natural state of the land. Not only would they be required to return the surface of the land, but also the underlying ground, so as it is not polluted. But they would not receive this land for a mere $5 and acre, I propose that they be charges a curtain percentage of the gold removed as rent for the land, for as long as they mine the land. Upon incorporation of all of these laws, which none of the current mines would be excempt from, I feel there would be a reduction of mines. With less mines mineral supplies would be preserved, and the price of
minerals would go up, returning profit to the remaining mines, and supporting the government.
Another area of the land managed by the BLM is rangeland. Since rangelands account for nearly 162 million acres of public land the nation’s rangelands are a vast source of renewable resources. Among many other values the range supports about 4 million head of livestock which is an important element in the economic well-being of many rural communities and the almost 20,000 operators who depend on public land grazing to support them.
BLM is principally seen by the public as manager of the public rangelands. The approval from the public for the BLM then is mostly related to their management of the
grazing lands. Support for the BLM is basically based on the management and conditions of the range lands that are under their control. So the BLM sets below-market livestock
grazing fees and loose federal regulations of how ranchers mangage sheep and cattle on public lands. Ranchers now pay $1.98 per “animal unit month”(AUM)- enough forage to
feed one cow and a calf, five sheep or a horse for a month. On the other hand privately owned ranges in the West leased for nearly five times that amount, an average of $9.25
per AUM. (Arrandale 534) Having fees this low give an incentive for the rancher to put more animals out to graze on the deteriorating land. Why graze one cow on private land, when you can graze at least four on government land. Of course this is the classic Tragedy of the Commons. Why should the ranchers care is they are destroying the public lands when they can move to a more productive spot when their land is destroyed. Because of this taxpayers spend millions of dollars subsidizing the damage of public lands. Clearly grazing does belong on public lands, because if done correctly you are simply harvesting a natural renewable resource. But when you allow money hungry cattle ranchers to graze as many cattle as they please, you begin destroying the land. So I feel that there should be an environmental assessment of the grazing lands, to determine a sustainable AUM for the land, to insure there is no further damage sustained by the land. Once this is determined you can charge them a fair price that is competitive with the price of private land. This way the government could produce more revenue for it self,
while again protecting the land. These are just a few of the changes that need to occur on the public lands. And some simple and broad solutions to the problems. You could not even start to give all of the issues and possible solutions for a single one of the problems that I addressed in a paper of this length. But for an overall solution the government needs to redefine it’s older laws, so that the government can have better control over public lands. Included with the changing of the laws would be a price increase for the resources that the government is basically, at the present time, giving away. When this occurs it may help with the huge debt of the country, and by different means then taxing the common people of the country. This would require the rich mining companies, to actually pay for the gold that they are removing from the ground. And with all these regulations in place, and strict guidelines to the extent of extraction of natural resources, the environment, and ecosystems will improve.
Bibliography
Arrandale, Tom. “Public Land Policy.” CQ Researcher 28 (1994): 531-540.
Beatley, Timothy. Ethical Land Use: Principles of Policy and Planning. Baltimore: John Hopkins UP, 1994.
Houston, Douglas. “Ecosystems of Natinal Parks.” Science 172 (1971): 648-651.
Kusler, Jon. Regulating Sensitive Lands. Cambridge: Ballinger, 1980.
United States. Bueau of Land Management. Issues for the 90’s., 1989.
Wondolleck, Julia. Public Lands Conflict and Resolution: Managing National Forest
Disputes. New York: Plenum, 1988. Management of the BLM’s Public Lands System
www.ronl.ru
Учи английский с преподавателем на SMART-платформе. Попробовать бесплатно!Менеджмент. 20 слов. Изучить набор.
englishdom.com > Менеджмент I на английском
HR-менеджеры сегодня активно учат английский язык: одни хотят работать в престижной зарубежной компании, другие...
englex.ru > Английский для
Менеджмент. Management. Слово «Менеджмент» стало часто употребляться в сфере бизнеса. Хоть это и широкое понятие, но в целом, менеджмент означает организацию и...
en365.ru > Реферат по английскому
Где можно найти текст на английском языке по менеджменту?
otvet.mail.ru > Где можно найти текст на
Готовые переводы текстов по английскому языку - Другое - Банк...
Роль менеджмента сегодня многим отличается от того, что было сто лет, пятьдесят лет илиПеревод текстов по английскому языку. Тексты для дополнительного чтения с переводом.
studrb.ru > Готовые переводы текстов
Unit 1 what is “management”? text 1 | АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. Для студентов I курса. по направлениям «Менеджмент» (магистр)учащихся), и содержит неадаптированные тексты, взятые из современных английских и...
StudFiles.net > Unit 1 what is “management”? text 1 |
Англо-русский словарик по теме Менеджмент | Глоссарий | Перевод
Любые переводы текстов по менеджменту. Поиск английских текстов по нужной теме. Английский по скайпу и очно.
englisharound.com > Англо-русский словарик по
Картинки: английский текст менеджмент
Сочинение на английском языке с переводом Менеджер, это?
На современном этапе развития, как общества, так и науки «менеджмент» в целом нет определенных запрещающихПосмотри все видео устных экзаменов по английскому языку.
english-exam.ru > Сочинение на английском
Контрольная Definition of Management
Контрольная посвящена менеджменту. В контрольной есть английский текст по менеджменту, а также задание на перевод с русского на английский язык.
kontrolnye-po-anglijskomu.com > Контрольная Definition of
Английские тексты, статьи и темы | Деловой английский...
Материалы взяты из англоязычных источников и переведены на русский язык автором сайта.Английские тексты, статьи и топики на разные темы с переводом.
delo-angl.ru > Английские тексты, статьи
менеджмент — с русского на английский
МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ — (английское management управление, заведование, организация), управление производством; совокупность знаний, принципов...
translate.academic.ru > менеджмент — с русского на
Time Management - Топики по английскому языку
Решебники по Английскому Языку 9 класс. Time Management.Топики. Диалоги на английском языке / English dialogs. Английский язык (English language).
EngTopic.ru > Time Management - Топики по
Методическое пособие по английскому языку по теме...
infourok.ru > Методическое пособие по
Работа менеджера, статья на английском+перевод [DOC]
...описывается работа менеджера, основные функции менеджмента, раскрывается10000 знаков. 3 текста по Экономике. Параллельный перевод с английского. doc.
twirpx.com > Работа менеджера, статья
Менеджмент: перевод на английский, примеры, транскрипция...
Варианты перевода слова 'менеджмент' с русского на английский - management, в словаре WooordHunt, с возможностью узнать транскрипцию и послушать произношение.
WooordHunt.ru > Менеджмент: перевод на
менеджмент - Перевод на английский... | Reverso Context
Перевод контекст "менеджмент" c русский на английский от Reverso Context: эссет менеджмент, менеджмент качества.
context.reverso.net > менеджмент - Перевод на
ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК
(английский) Методические рекомендации по выполнению самостоятельной работы для студентов, обучающихся по направлению. подготовки 080200.62 «Менеджмент».
seun.ru > ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК
Предложения со словом МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ (на английском)
EN.KARTASLOV.RU — Карта слов и выражений английского языка БЕТА.Видите ли, текст вашего договора с менеджментом этого театра, предусматривает присутствие патрулей...
en.kartaslov.ru > Предложения со словом
Алавердов | «English for Students of Management»
В первом разделе представлены оригинальные тексты по менеджменту для ознакомления6. Напишите определения к следующим терминам своими словами на английском языке
e-biblio.ru > Алавердов | «English for Students of
Бизнес английский Тема 7 Management Менеджмент текст...
youtube.com > Бизнес английский Тема 7
Английский язык в менеджменте, Дюканова Н.М., 2015
Книги и учебники → Книги по английскому языку. Английский язык в менеджментеКниги по английскому языку. Пособие по переводу технических текстов с английского языка на...
nashol.com > Английский язык в
Деловой английский.Английские термины по...
Ознакомьтесь с английскими терминами по менеджменту, читайте статью о компании IBM.1. Термины по менеджменту.
english-2days.narod.ru > Деловой
Business english лексика по теме управление человеческими...
Человеческие ресурсы — является относительно современным менеджмент термином, придуманным вПопулярное за неделю. Тексты для чтения на английском языке с заданиями.
inyaz-school.ru > Business english лексика по теме
Текст: Управление и менеджмент
Текст: Управление и менеджмент. Практическая работа. по дисциплине: Английский язык. Выполнил (а). Студентка группы ЮР-13пКЧ.
lektsii.org > Текст: Управление и
Английский язык для направления «Менеджмент» English for...
Московской государственной юридической академии имени О. Е. Кутафина. Н. Ю. Ильина. Алонцева Н. В. А514 Английский язык для направления «Менеджмент» = English.
academia-moscow.ru > Английский язык для
Что такое менеджмент?: "Менеджмент" - английское слово...
"Менеджмент" - английское слово, в переводе оно означает "управление". Тем не менее в русском языке слова "управление" и "менеджмент" употребляются в разных контекстах.
finances.social > Что такое менеджмент?:
Management
5ballov.qip.ru > Management
Текст менеджмент на английском языке с переводом
To dismiss юридической практике #8212 освобождать из текст менеджмент на английском языке с переводом заключения по отбытии срока, прекращать дело...
big-academic1.ru > Текст менеджмент на
HR-management / английские слова
HR-management. Слова Учить. Здесь вы найдёте английские слова на тему "HR-management", список слов с транскрипцией и переводом.
wordsteps.com > HR-management / английские
Management/business topics - Business English - Topics, dialogues...
Business English [17]. Деловой английский язык. Greetings and wishes in English [6]. Поздравления и пожелания на английском языке.
englishforyou.my1.ru > Management/business topics - Business English -
www.boomle.ru
Time And Stress Management Essay, Research Paper
Time and Stress Management 2
Time and Stress Management:
How to Streamline Your Life
Do you feel a constant pressure to achieve?
Do you feel you haven’t done enough no matter how hard you try?
Do you give up the simple pleasures in life in order to be the best in everything you do?
Do you just feel like there is not enough hours in the day to accomplish everything?
I?m sure quite a few of you have experienced these feeling, whether it be at work, home, or school. Stress and worry can be dangerous and harmful. They can cause emotional and even physical problems that could very easily damage both your health and performance. Stress has become an epidemic in the workplace. Studies suggest that 90 percent of all doctors’ visits are related in some way to stress. One of the main causes for stress and worry is lack of time management skills. Today, I would like to speak to you about time and stress management, and ways that you can improve your everyday life with just a few simple tips.
With all the information out there on how to manage your time and stress it may be difficult to know where to start. We?ve all heard the typical advice: Exercise, Eat right, Get organized, Spend more time with your family, spend more time with yourself. All this can easily get confusing and some times even contradictory. Some people end up getting even more stressed out just trying to figure out what to do. Here are a few tips suggested by Gregory Smith, writer for The Small Business Journal, that I believe could work towards your advantage.
1. Handle it now. Spend 20 seconds filing that important paper now rather than 30 minutes searching for it later. Take a moment to jot down that phone number on your permanent list instead of spending ten minutes tracking it down again later.?
2. Prioritize. Feeling overwhelmed by all you have to do? Stop and think: which item absolutely must be completed today? This does not include items you?d like to get
Time and Stress Management 3
done today, but only the item(s) that have to be completed today.
3. Be realistic. One way to set yourself up for a stressful situation is to plan an unrealistic amount of work for a particular time period. Use your common sense to recognize when you have over scheduled yourself.
4. Delegate. A person who refuses to delegate will very likely be a very busy and frustrated person.
5. Schedule time for you. Schedule a “personal time” appointment on your calendar each day. If someone wants to see you at that time, just say, “I?m sorry, I have an appointment then.” Whether you use this for personal reflection or as a few quiet minutes to catch your breath or simply time to think, it?s a legitimate use of time. And you will still get as much, if not more, done.
6. Make lists. Making a list can be a legitimate time manager. Keep a pad handy to jot down projects as they arise, items that come to mind to “do later”. At the end of the day or week, whichever is best for you, mark off the items handled; then, make a fresh list and prioritize the remaining items. This should take about 15 minutes each day. It can help you avoid that familiar sinking feeling when you realize you forgot something important and also help you feel “on top of things” on a daily basis while freeing your mind to concentrate on the job at hand.
7. Consider when your energy level peaks. Do you hit your highest energy level at 10am or mid-afternoon? Schedule your biggest project for your peak energy period.
8. Verify appointments before you go. Take a minute to call and verify the appointment and time before you leave the office.
9. E-mail. E-mail creates another time management problem. Answer E-mail immediately. Don?t read it and then let it pile up in your in-box. Keep your inbox clutter free. Create a “keeper” folder and transfer the e-mail you want to keep for later. Create another folder for “Actions pending.” Respect other people?s time and avoid forwarding all those stories people love to send you. Delete junk E-mail without reading it. Learn to use your filters to eliminate spammers. Time is valuable, and time management can help you be more productive. There is also a bonus: it can help to relieve stress and allow you both to
Time and Stress Management 4
enjoy your life and work more.
The problem with all these tips though, is that some people become such a time and stress management fanatic they end up wasting more time by trying to manage it. What some people need, suggests Don Clark, at Big Dog?s Leadership Page, is to analyze how you spend your time and implement a few, not all, time saving methods that will gain them the most time.
One thing that most people don?t understand is that time is not adaptable. The number of hours in the day remains 24 and the number of hours in a week is 168, no matter what. Time cannot be controlled but it can be managed, and the essence of time management is self-management. Once you?ve got yourself organized, then you?ll have less stressful times, and be a much better person all together. Remember, time management equals stress management.
The main reason I chose this topic, was because I?m horrible at managing my time. I work my best under stress but can not manage time to save my life. My dad on the other hand, who owns his own grocery store is very organized but can not manage his stress. Trust me, it?s not a pretty sight. That is why I wanted to research what it takes to manage time and stress effectively. I?ve already applied several of the tips to my everyday life, for once I didn?t put off writing my speech until the night before. I just put it off until the last week, just kidding.
All these tips are not only useful in your everyday work life, but they can easily be applied to school. With finals coming up for many of us in the very near future, what better time to get you self together and get organized. See how much of a difference it makes.
Time and Stress Management 5
Bibliography
References
Babior and Goldman, (1996). Overcoming Panic, Anxiety and Phobias. La Jolla: Whole Person Press.
Clark, D. Big Dog?s Leadership Page – Time Management. [Online] Available: www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadertime.html
Dubrin, A. (2000). Essentials of Management. South-Western College Publishing.
McMahon, G. Time Management for Stress Management Practitioners. [Online] Available: www.isma.org.uk/timemanagement.htm
Smith, G. Are You Managing Time or is Time Managing You?.. [Online]. Available: www.tsbj.com/editorial/03041010.htm
33b
www.ronl.ru
